The Basics, Explained
How retirement income planning actually works
What is retirement income planning?
Retirement income planning is the work of turning retirement savings into a coordinated stream of income—deciding which accounts to draw from, in what order, and at what time. It coordinates Social Security, retirement accounts, taxable investments, pensions, and annuities with taxes and market risk, so the income stays steady and the money is given the best chance to last. It is different from simply accumulating assets, because the purpose of the money has changed from growing to providing.
What order should you withdraw from your accounts?
There is no single order that fits everyone. A common framework draws from taxable accounts first, then tax-deferred accounts like traditional IRAs, then Roth accounts last—but the right sequence depends on your tax brackets, Required Minimum Distributions, IRMAA thresholds, Social Security timing, and goals. Small changes to the order can change the lifetime tax bill, which is why we map it out rather than default to a rule of thumb. Specific tax outcomes should be reviewed with your CPA.
Why do taxes work differently in retirement?
In retirement, your tax bill depends less on what you earn and more on where your income comes from. Traditional IRA withdrawals, Roth withdrawals, Social Security, pensions, annuities, and investment income are each taxed differently, and they interact—an extra withdrawal can push more of your Social Security into taxable territory or raise your Medicare premiums through IRMAA. Coordinating the sources is where tax-aware planning earns its keep.